QB64/QB64-PE
QB64/QB64-PE
1
1
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/QB64-Phoenix-Edition/QB64pe.git synced 2024-07-01 13:50:36 +00:00
Code Issues Releases Wiki Activity

Updates help files.

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Fellippe Heitor 2021-01-24 17:31:03 -03:00
parent 492213256a
commit 813e7213b9
2 changed files with 104 additions and 60 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

62
internal/help/Data_types.txt
View file

@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ Strings have a property called ''length'', which is the number of characters cur
===Variable-length strings===
Variable length strings are undefined length string variables. Fixed length strings MUST be defined in a program before they are used. Undefined strings can be up to 32767 characters in Qbasic.
Variable length strings are undefined length string variables. Fixed length strings MUST be defined in a program before they are used. Undefined strings can be up to 32767 characters in Qbasic.
{{CodeStart}}
message$ = "Hello"
message$ = message$ + " world!" 'add to string variables using string concatenation only!
message$ = message$ + " world!" 'add to string variables using string concatenation only!
PRINT message$
{{CodeEnd}}
{{OutputStart}}
@ -96,7 +96,63 @@ Fixed length strings must be defined in a {{KW|DIM}} statement, {{KW|SUB}} or {{
==Data type limits==
The following table lists the numerical and string data types, their type suffix symbol, and the range of the values they can represent:
{{DataTypeTable}}
'''Numerical types'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Type Name !! Type suffix symbol !! Minimum value !! Maximum value !! Size in Bytes
|-
| _BIT || ` || -1 || 0 || 1/8
|-
| _BIT * n || `n || -128 || 127 || n/8
|-
| _UNSIGNED _BIT || ~` || 0 || 1 || 1/8
|-
| _BYTE || %% || -128 || 127 || 1
|-
| _UNSIGNED _BYTE || ~%% || 0 || 255 || 1
|-
| INTEGER || % || -32,768 || 32,767 || 2
|-
| _UNSIGNED INTEGER || ~% || 0 || 65,535 || 2
|-
| LONG || & || -2,147,483,648 || 2,147,483,647 || 4
|-
| _UNSIGNED LONG || ~& || 0 || 4,294,967,295 || 4
|-
| _INTEGER64 || && || -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 || 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 || 8
|-
| _UNSIGNED _INTEGER64 || ~&& || 0 || 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 || 8
|-
| SINGLE || ! or none || -2.802597E-45 || +3.402823E+38 || 4
|-
| DOUBLE || # || -4.490656458412465E-324 || +1.797693134862310E+308 || 8
|-
| _FLOAT || ## || -1.18E-4932 || +1.18E+4932 || 32(10 used)
|-
| _OFFSET || %& || -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 || 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 || Use LEN
|-
| _UNSIGNED _OFFSET || ~%& || 0 || 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 || Use LEN
|-
| _MEM || none || combined memory variable type || N/A || Use LEN
|}
:''Note: For the floating-point numeric types [[SINGLE]] (default when not assigned), [[DOUBLE]] and [[_FLOAT]], the minimum values represent the smallest values closest to zero, while the maximum values represent the largest values closest to (+/-)infinity. OFFSET dot values are used as a part of the [[_MEM]] variable type in QB64 to return or set the position in memory.''
'''String text type'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Type Name !! Type suffix symbol !! Minimum length !! Maximum length !! Size in Bytes
|-
| STRING || $ || 0 || 2,147,483,647 || Use LEN
|-
| STRING * n || $n || 1 || 2,147,483,647 || n
|}
''Note: For the fixed-length string type [[STRING|STRING * ''n'']], where ''n'' is an integer length value from 1 (one) to 2,147,483,647.
==References==

102
internal/help/Mathematical_Operations.txt
View file

@ -38,36 +38,30 @@ Negative (signed) numerical values can affect calculations when using any of the
==Mathematical Operation Symbols==
Most of the BASIC math operators are ones that require no introduction. The addition, subtraction, multplication and division operators are ones commonly used as shown below:
{| align="center" border=1
! Symbol
! Procedure Type
! Example Usage
! Operation Order
{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol !! Procedure Type !! Example Usage !! Operation Order
|-
| align="center" |[[+]] ||  Addition || align="center" | c = a + b  || align="center" | Last
| + || Addition || c = a + b || Last
|-
| align="center" |[[-]] ||  Subtraction  || align="center" | c = a - b || align="center" | Last
| - || Subtraction || c = a - b || Last
|-
| align="center" |[[-]] ||  Negation  || align="center" | c = - a || align="center" | Last
| - || Negation || c = -a || Last
|-
| align="center" |[[*]] ||  Multiplication || align="center" | c = a * b || align="center" | Second
| * || Multiplication || c = a * b || Second
|-
| align="center" |[[/]] ||  Division  || align="center" | c = a / b || align="center" | Second
| / || Division || c = a / b || Second
|}
BASIC can also use two other operators for '''[[INTEGER]] division'''. Integer division returns only whole number values. [[MOD]] '''remainder division''' returns a value only if an integer division cannot divide a number exactly. Returns 0 if a value is exactly divisible.
{| align="center" border=1
!Symbol
!Procedure Type
!Example Usage
!Operation Order
{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol !!Procedure Type !!Example Usage !!Operation Order
|-
| align="center" |[[\]] ||  Integer division || align="center" | c = a \ b || align="center" | Second
| \ || Integer division || c = a \ b || Second
|-
| align="center" |[[MOD]] ||  Remainder division  || align="center" | c = a MOD b || align="center" | Second
| MOD || Remainder division || c = a MOD b || Second
|}
@ -77,15 +71,12 @@ BASIC can also use two other operators for '''[[INTEGER]] division'''. Integer d
There is also an operator for '''exponential''' calculations. The exponential operator is used to raise a number's value to a designated exponent of itself. In QB the exponential return values are [[DOUBLE]] values. The [[SQR]] function can return a number's Square Root. For other '''exponential roots''' the operator can be used with fractions such as (1 / 3) designating the cube root of a number.
{| align="center" border=1
!Symbol
!Procedure
!Example Usage
!Operation Order
{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol !!Procedure !!Example Usage !!Operation Order
|-
| align="center" |[[^]] || Exponent || align="center" | c = a [[^]] (1 / 2) || align="center" | First
| ^ || Exponent || c = a ^ (1 / 2) || First
|-
| align="center" | [[SQR]] || Square Root || align="center" | c = [[SQR]](a [[^]] 2 + b [[^]] 2) || align="center" | First
| SQR || Square Root || c = SQR(a ^ 2 + b ^ 2) || First
|}
@ -113,28 +104,27 @@ Sometimes a calculation may need BASIC to do them in another order or the calcul
==Basic's Mathematical Functions==
{| align=center border=1
! Function
! Description
|-
| [[ABS]](n) || returns the absolute (positive) value of n: ABS(-5) = 5
|-
| [[ATN]](angle*) || returns the arctangent of an angle in radians: π = 4 * ATN(1)
|-
| [[COS]](angle*) || returns the cosine of an angle in radians. (horizontal component)
|-
| [[EXP]](n) || returns e<sup>x</sup>, '''(n <= 88.02969)''': e = EXP(1) ' (e = 2.718281828459045)
|-
| [[LOG]](n) || returns the base e natural logarithm of n. '''(n > 0)'''
|-
| [[SGN]](n) || returns -1 if n < 0, 0 if n = 0, 1 if n > 0: SGN(-5) = -1
|-
| [[SIN]](angle*) || returns the sine of an angle in radians. (vertical component)
|-
| [[SQR]](n) || returns the square root of a number. '''(n >= 0)'''
|-
| [[TAN]](angle*) || returns the tangent of an angle in radians
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Function !! Description
|-
| ABS(n) || returns the absolute (positive) value of n: ABS(-5) = 5
|-
| ATN(angle*) || returns the arctangent of an angle in radians: pi = 4 * ATN(1)
|-
| COS(angle*) || returns the cosine of an angle in radians. (horizontal component)
|-
| EXP(n) || returns e ^ x, (n <= 88.02969): e = EXP(1) ' (e = 2.718281828459045)
|-
| LOG(n) || returns the base e natural logarithm of n. (n > 0)
|-
| SGN(n) || returns -1 if n < 0, 0 if n = 0, 1 if n > 0: SGN(-5) = -1
|-
| SIN(angle*) || returns the sine of an angle in radians. (vertical component)
|-
| SQR(n) || returns the square root of a number. (n >= 0)
|-
| TAN(angle*) || returns the tangent of an angle in radians
|}
<center> '''* angles measured in radians'''</center>
@ -326,24 +316,22 @@ Relational Operations are used to compare values in a Conditional [[IF...THEN]],
: Rounding is used when the program needs a certain number value or type. There are 4 [[INTEGER]] or [[LONG]] Integer functions and one function each for closest [[SINGLE]] and closest [[DOUBLE]] numerical types. Closest functions use "bankers" rounding which rounds up if the decimal point value is over one half. Variable types should match the return value.
{| align=center border=1
! Name
! Description
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Description
|-
|[[INT]](n) || rounds down to lower Integer value whether positive or negative
|INT(n) || rounds down to lower Integer value whether positive or negative
|-
|[[FIX]](n) || rounds positive values lower and negative to a less negative Integer value
|FIX(n) || rounds positive values lower and negative to a less negative Integer value
|-
|[[CINT]](n) ||rounds to closest Integer. Rounds up for decimal point values over one half.
|CINT(n) ||rounds to closest Integer. Rounds up for decimal point values over one half.
|-
| [[CLNG]](n) || rounds Integer or Long values to closest value like CINT.(values over 32767)
| CLNG(n) || rounds Integer or Long values to closest value like CINT.(values over 32767)
|-
| [[CSNG]](n) || rounds Single values to closest last decimal point value.
| CSNG(n) || rounds Single values to closest last decimal point value.
|-
| [[CDBL]](n) || rounds Double values to closest last decimal point value.
| CDBL(n) || rounds Double values to closest last decimal point value.
|-
| [[_ROUND]] || rounds to closest numerical integer value in '''QB64''' only.
| _ROUND || rounds to closest numerical integer value.
|}
===Note===