The [[COLOR]] statement is used to change the foreground and background colors for printing text. {{PageSyntax}} : [[COLOR]] [{{Parameter|foreground&}}][, {{Parameter|background&}}] {{PageDescription}} * {{Parameter|background&}} colors are available in all QB64 color SCREEN modes. * [[SCREEN]] mode 10 has only 3 white foreground attributes including flashing. * To change the {{Parameter|background&}} color only, use a comma and the desired color. Ex: [[COLOR]] , {{Parameter|background&}} * Graphic drawing statements like [[PSET]], [[PRESET]], [[LINE]], etc, also use the colors set by the [[COLOR]] statement if no color is passed when they are called. * The [[$COLOR]] metacommand adds named color constants for both text and 32-bit modes. ==Screen Mode Attributes== * '''SCREEN 0''' {{Parameter|background&}} colors 0 to 7 can be changed each text character without affecting other text. Use [[CLS]] after a background color statement to create a fullscreen background color. 64 [[DAC]] hues with 16 high intensity blinking foreground (16 to 31) color attributes. See [[_BLINK]]. ** See example 7 below for more SCREEN 0 background colors. * '''SCREEN 1''' has '''4 background color attributes''': 0 = black, 1 = blue, 2 = green, 3 = grey. White foreground color only. * '''SCREEN 2''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and black background. * '''SCREEN 7''' can use 16 ([[DAC]]) colors with background colors. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 7 using [[_PALETTECOLOR]]. * '''SCREEN 8''' has 16 color attributes with 16 background colors. * '''SCREEN 9''' can use up to 64 [[DAC]] color hues in 16 color attributes with background colors assigned to attribute 0 with a [[_PALETTECOLOR]] swap. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 5 and 7 using [[_PALETTECOLOR]]. * '''SCREEN 10''' has '''only 4 color attributes''' with black background. COLOR 0 = black, 1 = grey, 2 = flash white and 3 = bright white. * '''SCREEN 11''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and a black background. * '''SCREEN 12''' can use 16 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB color hues. Background colors can be used with QB64. * '''SCREEN 13''' can use 256 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB hues. * [[PALETTE]] swaps can be made in SCREEN 7 and 9 only. Those screens were [[DAC]] screen modes in QBasic. * [[_DEST]] can be used to set the destination page or image to color using '''QB64'''. * [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]] returns the current color being used on an image or screen page handle. ===24/32-Bit colors using QB64=== * Pixel color intensities for red, green, blue and alpha range from 0 to 255 when used with [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]] and [[RGBA32]]. * Combined RGB function values returned are [[LONG]] values. '''Blue intensity values may be cut off using [[SINGLE]] variables.''' * [[_ALPHA]] transparency values can range from 0 as transparent up to 255 which is fully opaque. * [[_CLEARCOLOR]] can also be used to set a color as transparent. * Colors can be mixed by using [[_BLEND]] (default) in 32-bit screen modes. [[_DONTBLEND]] disables blending. * '''NOTE: Default 32-bit backgrounds are clear black or [[_RGBA]](0, 0, 0, 0). Use [[CLS]] to make the black opaque.''' <p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p> ==RGB Palette Intensities== RGB intensity values can be converted to hexadecimal values to create the [[LONG]] [[_PALETTECOLOR]] value in non-32-bit screens: {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN}} 12 alpha$ = "FF" 'solid alpha colors only {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 20 'set black background to dark blue {{Cl|PRINT}} "Attribute = Hex value Red Green Blue " {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|COLOR}} 7 {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} attribute = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15 {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C7, attribute 'set color attribute to read red$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4) 'convert port setting to 32 bit values grn$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4) blu$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4) {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(red$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} red$ = "0" + red$ '2 hex digits required {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(grn$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} grn$ = "0" + grn$ 'for low or zero hex values {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(blu$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} blu$ = "0" + blu$ hex32$ = "{{Cl|&H}}" + alpha$ + red$ + grn$ + blu$ {{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} attribute, {{Cl|VAL}}(hex32$) 'VAL converts hex string to a LONG 32 bit value {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} attribute {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|COLOR}} attribute 'exclude black color print {{Cl|PRINT}} "{{Cl|COLOR}}" + {{Cl|STR$}}(attribute) + " = " + hex32$, red$, grn$, blu$ 'returns closest attribute {{Cl|NEXT}} '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{OutputStart}}Attribute Hex value Red Green Blue {{text|COLOR 0 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF000050 00 00 50|#A8A8A8}} {{text|COLOR 1 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF0000A8 00 00 A8|#0050A8}} {{text|COLOR 2 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF00A800 00 A8 00|#00A800}} {{text|COLOR 3 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF00A8A8 00 A8 A8|#00A8A8}} {{text|COLOR 4 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA80000 A8 00 00|#A80000}} {{text|COLOR 5 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA800A8 A8 00 A8|#A800A8}} {{text|COLOR 6 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA85400 A8 54 00|#A85400}} {{text|COLOR 7 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA8A8A8 A8 A8 A8|#A8A8A8}} {{text|COLOR 8 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF545454 54 54 54|#545454}} {{text|COLOR 9 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF5454FC 54 54 FC|#5454FC}} {{text|COLOR 10 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF54FC54 54 FC 54|#54FC54}} {{text|COLOR 11 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF5454FC 54 FC FC|#54FCFC}} {{text|COLOR 12 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFC5454 FC 54 54|#FC5454}} {{text|COLOR 13 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFC54FC FC 54 FC|#FC54FC}} {{text|COLOR 14 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFCFC54 FC FC 54|#FCFC54}} {{text|COLOR 15 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFCFCFC FC FC FC|#FCFCFC}} {{OutputEnd}} :''Explanation:'' The RGB intensity values are multiplied by 4 to get the [[_RGB]] intensity values as [[HEX$|hexadecimal]] values. The individual 2 digit [[HEX$]] intensity values can be added to "&HFF" to make up the 32-bit hexadecimal string value necessary for [[VAL]] to return to [[_PALETTECOLOR]]. The statement is only included in the example to show how that can be done with any 32-bit color value. :'''Note:''' Black has a blue hex value of 50 due to the [[OUT]] background color setting which makes it dark blue. ===Reading and setting color port intensities using [[INP]] and [[OUT]]=== * Legacy code may use [[INP]] and [[OUT]] to read or set color port intensities. '''QB64''' emulates VGA memory to maintain compatibility. * The same can be achieved using [[_PALETTECOLOR]] ('''recommended practice'''). :'''{{text|OUT &H3C7, attribute|green}}''' 'Set port to read RGB settings with: :'''{{text|color_intensity <nowiki>=</nowiki> INP(&H3C9)|green}}''' 'reads present intensity setting :'''{{text|OUT &H3C8, attribute|green}}''' 'Set port to write RGB settings with: :'''{{text|OUT &H3C9, color_intensity|green}}''' 'writes new intensity setting * After every 3 reads or writes, changes to next higher color attribute. Loops can be used to set more than one attribute's intensities. * Color port setting of red, green and blue intensities can be done in ascending order. * Color port attribute intensity values range from 0 to 63 (1/4 of the 32-bit values) in QBasic's legacy 4 and 8 bit screen modes. <p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p> {{PageExamples}} ''Example 1:'' Reading the default RGB color settings of color attribute 15. {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|OUT}} &H3C7, 15 red% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9) green% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9) blue% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9) {{Cl|PRINT}} red%, green%, blue% '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{OutputStart}} 63 63 63 {{OutputEnd}} ''Example 2:'' Changing the color settings of attribute 0 (the background) to dark blue in [[SCREEN]]s 12 or 13. {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN}} 12 {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0 'set color port attribute to write {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'red intensity {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'green intensity {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 30 'blue intensity {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C7, 0 {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) {{Cl|END}}'' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{CodeStart}} 0 0 30 {{CodeEnd}} ''Example 3:'' Printing in fullscreen SCREEN 0 mode with a color background under the text only. {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}} ' used for fullscreen instead of window {{Cl|COLOR}} 30, 6: {{Cl|LOCATE}} 12, 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello!" '' '' {{CodeEnd}} :''Result:'' Hello! is printed in flashing high intensity yellow with brown background behind text only when in Qbasic [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]]. ''Example 4:'' Using [[CLS]] after setting the background color in SCREEN 0 to make the color cover the entire screen. {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}} {{Cl|COLOR}} , 7: {{Cl|CLS}} {{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello" '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{TextStart}}{{text|Hello|blue}}{{TextEnd}} :''Result:'' The blue word Hello is printed to a totally grey background in [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]]. ''Example 5:'' Using a different foreground color for each letter: {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN}} 0 {{Cl|COLOR}} 1: {{Cl|PRINT}} "H"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 3: {{Cl|PRINT}} "E"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 5: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 6: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O" {{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "W"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 11: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 12: {{Cl|PRINT}} "R"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 13: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L"; {{Cl|COLOR}} 14: {{Cl|PRINT}} "D" '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{OutputStart}} {{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|E|darkcyan}}{{text|L|darkred}}{{text|L|darkmagenta}}{{text|O|goldenrod}} {{text|W|blue}}{{text|O|cyan}}{{text|R|red}}{{text|L|magenta}}{{text|D|yellow}} {{OutputEnd}} ''Example 6:'' Doing the same as Example 5 but in only a few lines: {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} 0 text$ = "HelloWorld" {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} textpos = 1 {{Cl|TO}} {{Cl|LEN}}(text$) {{Cl|COLOR}} textpos {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos <> 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1); {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos = 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1) 'start print on next row {{Cl|NEXT}} {{CodeEnd}} {{OutputStart}} {{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|e|darkgreen}}{{text|l|darkcyan}}{{text|l|darkred}}{{text|o|darkmagenta}} {{text|W|goldenrod}}{{text|o|lightgrey}}{{text|r|dimgray}}{{text|l|blue}}{{text|d|lime}} '' '' {{OutputEnd}} : ''Explanation:''Semicolon(;) means that the next PRINT happens on the same line, we don't want that when it comes to position 5 so when it is at position 5 the next PRINT will move to the next line (when it isn't at position 5 we want it to continue printing the letter side-by-side on the same line though). ''Example 7:'' Since SCREEN 0 only uses background colors 0 to 7 by default, use [[_PALETTECOLOR]] to change color intensities of color 0. {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 0, _RGB32(255, 255, 255) 'change color 0 intensity {{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 8, _RGB32(0, 0, 0) 'change color 8 intensity {{Cl|COLOR}} 8: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Black on bright white!" '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{WhiteStart}}'''{{text|Black on bright white!|#000000}}''' {{WhiteEnd}} ---- : ''Explanation:'' Since QB64 does not have [[DAC]] [[SCREEN]] 0 limitations, changing color intensities for custom background colors is possible. ''Example 8:'' Changing light gray text in [[SCREEN]] 0 to a 32 bit custom color using a [[LONG]] HTML hexadecimal value: {{CodeStart}} '' '' {{Cl|COLOR}} 7 {{Cl|PRINT}} "Color 7 is gray" K$ = {{Cl|INPUT$}}(1) {{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 7, {{Cl|&H}}FFDAA520 ' FF alpha makes the color translucent {{Cl|PRINT}} "Color 7 is now Goldenrod in {{Cl|SCREEN}} 0! '' '' {{CodeEnd}} {{OutputStart}} {{text|Color 7 is gray|#A8A8A8}} {{text|Color 7 is now Goldenrod in SCREEN 0!|#DAA520}} {{OutputEnd}} : ''Explanation:'' [[_RGB32]] could be used to make custom 32 bit colors or HTML values could be used after &HFF for solid colors. <p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p> {{PageSeeAlso}} * [[$COLOR]] (metacommand) * [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]], [[RGBA32]]. * [[_RED]], [[_GREEN]], [[_BLUE]] * [[_RED32]], [[_GREEN32]], [[_BLUE32]] * [[_ALPHA]], [[_ALPHA32]], [[_CLEARCOLOR]] * [[PRINT]], [[LOCATE]], [[SCREEN]] * [[POINT]], [[SCREEN (function)]] * [[OUT]], [[INP]], [[PALETTE]] * [[_BLINK]] * [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]] * [[_BACKGROUNDCOLOR]] * [[_PALETTECOLOR]] * [[Windows_Libraries#Color_Dialog_Box|Color Dialog Box]] * [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colornames.asp Hexadecimal Color Values] {{PageNavigation}} <