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Just more initial setting on... nothing much to see here.
121 lines
4.5 KiB
Text
121 lines
4.5 KiB
Text
The [[LEN]] function returns the number of bytes used by a variable value and the number of characters in a [[STRING]].
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{{PageSyntax}}
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: {{Parameter|length%}} = [[LEN]]({{Parameter|literalTextOrVariable}})
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* Literal or variable [[STRING]] values return the number of string bytes which is the same as the number of string characters.
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* A numerical ''variable'' will return the number of bytes used by a numerical variable type.
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** [[_BYTE]] variable types return 1 byte.
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** [[INTEGER]] variable types return 2 bytes.
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** [[SINGLE]] and [[LONG]] integer variable types return 4 bytes.
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** [[DOUBLE]] and [[_INTEGER64]] variable types return 8 bytes.
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** [[_FLOAT]] variable types return 32 bytes.
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** [[_OFFSET]] and [[_MEM]] variable types return varying byte sizes.
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** ''Note:'' [[_BIT]] variable types and bit multiples '''cannot be measured in bytes'''.
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* '''LEN cannot return lengths of literal numerical values and will create a "variable required" status error in the IDE.'''
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* '''LEN =''' can be used with a user defined [[TYPE]] variable to determine the number of bytes used in [[RANDOM]] file records:
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:::: {{InlineCode}}[[OPEN]] file$ FOR [[RANDOM]] AS #n LEN <nowiki>=</nowiki> LEN(recordTypeVariable){{InlineCodeEnd}}'''
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:* If a LEN = statement is not used, [[RANDOM]] default record length is 128 or sequencial is 512 up to a maximum of 32767 bytes.
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:* [[BINARY]] OPEN statements will ignore LEN = statements. The byte size of a [[GET|read]] or [[PUT|write]] is determined by the [[Variable Types|variable type]].
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{{PageExamples}}
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''Example 1:'' With a string variable the byte size is the same as the number of characters.
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{{CodeStart}}
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LastName$ = "Williams"
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PRINT {{Cl|LEN}}(LastName$); "bytes" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}} 8 bytes
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 2:'' Testing [[INPUT]] for numerical [[STRING]] entries from a user.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|INPUT}} "number: ", num$
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value$ = {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}({{Cl|VAL}}(num$)))
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L = {{Cl|LEN}}(value$)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|LEN}}(num$), L '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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: ''Note:'' [[&H]], [[&O]], D and E will also be accepted as numerical type data in a [[VAL]] conversion, but will add to the entry length.
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''Example 3:'' With numerical value types you MUST use a variable to find the inherent byte length when using LEN.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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DIM I AS INTEGER
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PRINT "INTEGER ="; LEN(I); "bytes"
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DIM L AS LONG
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PRINT "LONG ="; LEN(L); "bytes"
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DIM I64 AS _INTEGER64
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PRINT "_INTEGER64 ="; LEN(I64); "bytes"
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DIM S AS SINGLE
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PRINT "SINGLE ="; LEN(S); "bytes"
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DIM D AS DOUBLE
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PRINT "DOUBLE ="; LEN(D); "bytes"
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DIM F AS _FLOAT
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PRINT "_FLOAT ="; LEN(F); "bytes" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}INTEGER = 2 bytes
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LONG = 4 bytes
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_INTEGER64 = 8 bytes
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SINGLE = 4 bytes
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DOUBLE = 8 bytes
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_FLOAT = 32 bytes
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 4:'' Opening a RANDOM file using LEN to calculate and LEN = to designate the file record size.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|TYPE}} variabletype
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x {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|INTEGER}}' '2 bytes
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y {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|STRING}} * 10' '10 bytes
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z {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|LONG}}' '4 bytes
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{{Cl|END}} {{Cl|TYPE}}' '16 bytes total
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{{Cl|DIM}} record {{Cl|AS}} variabletype
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{{Cl|DIM}} newrec {{Cl|AS}} variabletype
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file$ = "testrand.inf" '<<<< filename may overwrite existing file
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number% = 1 '<<<<<<<<<< record number to write cannot be zero
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RecordLEN% = {{Cl|LEN}}(record)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} RecordLEN%; "bytes"
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record.x = 255
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record.y = "Hello world!"
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record.z = 65535
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{{Cl|PRINT}} record.x, record.y, record.z
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{{Cl|OPEN}} file$ {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} {{Cl|RANDOM}} {{Cl|AS}} #1 {{Cl|LEN}} = RecordLEN%
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{{Cl|PUT}} #1, number% , record 'change record position number to add records
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{{Cl|CLOSE}} #1
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{{Cl|OPEN}} file$ {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} {{Cl|RANDOM}} {{Cl|AS}} #2 {{Cl|LEN}} = RecordLEN%
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NumRecords% = {{Cl|LOF}}(2) \ RecordLEN%
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PRINT NumRecords%; "records"
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{{Cl|GET}} #2, NumRecords% , newrec 'GET last record available
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{{Cl|CLOSE}} #2
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{{Cl|PRINT}} newrec.x, newrec.y, newrec.z
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{{Cl|END}} '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}} 16 bytes
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255 Hello worl 65535
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1 records
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255 Hello worl 65535
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{{OutputEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:'' The byte size of the record [[TYPE]] determines the [[LOF]] byte size of the file and can determine the number of records.
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: To read the last record [[GET]] the number of records. To add a record, use the number of records + 1 to [[PUT]] new record data.
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{{PageSeeAlso}}
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* [[LOF]], [[EOF]]
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* [[AS]], [[TYPE]]
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* [[RANDOM]], [[BINARY]]
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* [[Variable Types]]
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{{PageNavigation}}
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