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112 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
112 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
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The SPACE$ function returns a STRING consisting of a number of space characters.
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## Syntax
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> *result$* = **SPACE$(count&)**
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## Parameter(s)
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* count& is the number of space characters to repeat. Cannot use negative values!
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## Usage
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* Semicolons can be used to combine spaces with text [STRING](STRING) or numerical values.
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* [Concatenation](Concatenation) using + can be used to combine [STRING](STRING) text values only.
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* Spaces are often used to erase previous text PRINTs from the screen.
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* The function result can also be used to [GET](GET) and [PUT](PUT) a number of bytes as zero characters: bytes$ = SPACE$(numbytes)
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* Spaces can also be made using [SPC](SPC), [CHR$](CHR$)(32) or [STRING$](STRING$)(n%, 32).
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*Differences between QB64 and QB 4.5:*
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* **QB64** can use [LONG](LONG) values for count up to 2,147,483,647 while **QB 4.5** could only use [INTEGER](INTEGER) values up to 32,767.
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## Example(s)
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How to space text in a [PRINT](PRINT) statement using SPACE$ with string [concatenation](concatenation).
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```vb
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FOR count% = 0 TO 3
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PRINT "abc" + SPACE$( count% ) + "def"
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NEXT count%
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```
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```text
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abcdef
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abc def
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abc def
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abc def
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```
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In [SCREEN](SCREEN) 0 SPACE$ can be used to change the background color to make an American flag.
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```vb
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USA flag centered on screen with thin horizontal red & white stripes
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' blue corner field with randomly twinkling stars
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CLS
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LOCATE 25, 1
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PRINT "Press any key to stop twinkling";
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COLOR , 4
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z = 15
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FOR x = 5 TO 19 '13 red & white stripes (x =5 to 21 for 15 stripes)
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IF z = 15 THEN z = 4 ELSE z = 15
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COLOR , z
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LOCATE x, 15
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PRINT SPACE$(55)
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NEXT x
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FOR x = 5 TO 11 'blue field in upper left quadrant (x = 5 to 13 to hold all 50 stars)
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COLOR 15, 1 'sits above 4th white stripe
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LOCATE x, 15
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PRINT SPACE$(23)
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NEXT x
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DO
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stop$ = INKEY$
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FOR x = 5 TO 10 STEP 2 '39 stars staggered across blue field (50 stars if x = 5 to 12)
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w = 16
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FOR y = 1 TO 6 '5 rows of 6 stars
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r = INT(RND * 6)
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IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15
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IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15
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LOCATE x, w
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w = w + 4
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PRINT "*";
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NEXT y
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w = 18
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FOR y = 1 TO 5 '5 rows of 5 stars
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r = INT(RND * 6)
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IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15
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IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15
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LOCATE x + 1, w
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w = w + 4
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PRINT "*";
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NEXT y
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NEXT x
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w = 16
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FOR y = 1 TO 6 '1 row of 6 stars
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r = INT(RND * 6)
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IF r = 0 THEN z = 31 ELSE z = 15
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IF stop$ = "" THEN COLOR z ELSE COLOR 15
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LOCATE x, w
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w = w + 4
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PRINT "*";
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NEXT y
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t = TIMER
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DO WHILE t + .2 >= TIMER: LOOP
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LOOP WHILE stop$ = ""
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COLOR 7, 0
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END
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```
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> *Explanation:* In [SCREEN](SCREEN) 0, the background color is only placed with the the printed text and spaces. [CLS](CLS) can color the entire screen.
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## See Also
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* [PRINT](PRINT), [PRINT USING](PRINT-USING)
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* [STRING$](STRING$), [CLS](CLS)
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* [SPC](SPC), [TAB](TAB)
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