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227 lines
12 KiB
Text
227 lines
12 KiB
Text
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The {{KW|COLOR}} statement is used to change the color of text and background in some [[SCREEN]] modes.
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{| align="Right"
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{{PageSyntax}}
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:{{KW|COLOR}} [{{Parameter|foreground%}}][, {{Parameter|background%}}]
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* ''Background'' colors are available in SCREEN modes 0, 1, 7, 8 and 9 only.
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* [[SCREEN]] mode 10 has only 3 white foreground attributes including flashing.
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* [[SCREEN]] modes 12 and 13 can use the foreground parameter only! Background color 0 can be changed using [[OUT]].
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* '''[[SCREEN]] modes 2 and 11 cannot use the COLOR keyword as they are monochrome with white foreground!'''
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* An [[ERROR Codes|illegal function error]] will occur if a background color is used in other screen modes!
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* To change the ''background'' color only, use a comma and the color. EX: COLOR ,background%
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==Screen Mode Attributes==
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* '''SCREEN 0''' ''background'' colors 0 to 7 can be changed each text character without affecting other text. Use {{KW|CLS}} after a background color statement to create a fullscreen background color. 64 [[DAC]] hues with 16 high intensity blinking foreground (16 to 31) color attributes. QBasic windows will not flash in a window in NT, XP, VISTA or 7 (will flash in '''QB64'''). See example 7 below for more SCREEN 0 background colors.
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* '''SCREEN 1''' has '''4 background color attributes''': 0 = black, 1 = blue, 2 = green, 3 = grey. White foreground color only.
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* '''SCREEN 2''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and black background. '''Cannot use the COLOR statement!'''
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* '''SCREEN 7''' can use 16 ([[DAC]]) colors with background colors. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 7 using {{KW|OUT}}.
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* '''SCREEN 8''' has 16 color attributes with 16 background colors.
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* '''SCREEN 9''' can use up to 64 [[DAC]] color hues in 16 color attributes with background colors assigned to attribute 0 with a {{KW|PALETTE}} swap. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 5 and 7 using {{KW|OUT}}.
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* '''SCREEN 10''' has '''only 4 color attributes''' with black background. COLOR 0 = black, 1 = grey, 2 = flash white and 3 = bright white.
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* '''SCREEN 11''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and a black background, '''Cannot use the COLOR statement!'''
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* '''SCREEN 12''' can use 16 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB color hues.
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* '''SCREEN 13''' can use 256 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB hues.
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* [[DAC]] screens 0, 7 and 9 color changes are limited in '''Qbasic ONLY'''!
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* [[PALETTE]] swaps can be made in SCREEN 7 and 9 only. Those screens were [[DAC]] screen modes in Qbasic.
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* [[_DEST]] can be used to set the destination page or image to color using '''QB64'''.
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* [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]] returns the current color being used on an image or screen page handle.
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<center>'''24/32 Bit Colors using QB64'''</center>
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* Pixel color intensities for Red, Green, Blue and Alpha range from 0 to 255 when used with [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]] and [[RGBA32]].
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* Combined RGB function values returned are [[LONG]] values! '''Blue intensity values may be cut off using [[SINGLE]] values!'''
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* [[_ALPHA]] transparency values can range from 0 as transparent up to 255 which is fully opaque.
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* [[_CLEARCOLOR]] can also be used to set a color as transparent.
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* Colors can be mixed by using [[_BLEND]](default) in 32 bit screen modes ONLY. [[_DONTBLEND]] disables blending.
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* '''NOTE: Default 32 bit backgrounds are clear black or [[_RGBA]](0, 0, 0, 0)! Use [[CLS]] to make the black opaque!'''
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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==RGB Palette Intensities==
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<center>'''Basic's 16 Default Color Attributes (non-[[DAC]])'''</center>
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{{OutputStart}}{{text| Attribute Description Red Green Blue 32 HEX HTML Name |Gold}}
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0 Black 0 0 0 000000 Black
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{{text| 1 Dark Blue 0 0 42 00008B DarkBlue|#00008B}}
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{{text| 2 Dark Green 0 42 0 006400 DarkGreen|#006400}}
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{{text| 3 Dark Cyan 0 42 42 008B8B DarkCyan|#008B8B}}
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{{text| 4 Dark Red 42 0 0 8B0000 DarkRed|#8B0000}}
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{{text| 5 Dark Magenta 42 0 42 8B008B DarkMagenta|#8B008B}}
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{{text| 6 Dark Yellow 42 21 0 DAA520 GoldenRod|#DAA520}}
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{{text| 7 Light Grey 42 42 42 D3D3D3 LightGrey|#D3D3D3}}
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{{text| 8 Dark Grey 21 21 21 696969 DimGray|#696969}}
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{{text| 9 Blue 21 21 63 0000FF Blue|#1515FF}}
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{{text| 10 Green 21 63 21 15FF15 Lime|#15FF15}}
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{{text| 11 Cyan 21 63 63 15FFFF Cyan|#15FFFF}}
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{{text| 12 Red 63 21 21 FF1515 Red|#FF1515}}
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{{text| 13 Magenta 63 21 63 FF15FF Magenta|#FF15FF}}
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{{text| 14 Yellow 63 63 21 FFFF00 Yellow|#FFFF00}}
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{{text| 15 White 63 63 63 FFFFFF White|#FFFFFF}} '' ''
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{{OutputEnd}}
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<center>[http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colornames.asp HTML Color Table Values and Names] or [http://www.tayloredmktg.com/rgb/#OR Other RGB colors]</center>
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::: ''Note:'' '''QB64''' 32 bit color intensity values from 0 to 255 can be found by multiplying above values by 4.
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''Summary:'' The red, green, and blue intensity values can be changed using {{KW|OUT}} or {{KW|PALETTE}} statements. Some '''Qbasic''' RGB color attribute values can be changed in [[DAC]] {{KW|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} modes and the [[DAC]] RGB intensity settings may be different.
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<center></center>
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<center>'''Color Port access using INP and OUT'''</center>
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:::::::::OUT &H3C7, attribute : Set port to read RGB settings
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:::::::::color_intensity = INP(&H3C9) 'reads present setting
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:::::::::OUT &H3C8, attribute : Set port to write RGB settings
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:::::::::OUT &H3C9, color_intensity : Writes new settings
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* After every 3 reads or writes, changes to next higher color attribute. Loops can be used to set more than one attribute's intensities.
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* Color port setting of Red, Green and Blue intensities can be done in ascending order.
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* Color port attribute intensity values range from 0 to 63(1/4 of the 32 bit values) only in Qbasic 4 and 8 bit screen modes.
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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==Examples:==
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''Example 1:'' Reading the default RGB color settings of color attribute 15.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|OUT}} &H3C7, 15
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red% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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green% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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blue% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} red%, green%, blue% '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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63 63 63
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 2:'' Changing the color settings of attribute 0 (the background) to dark blue in [[SCREEN]]s 12 or 13.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0 'set color port attribute to write
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'red intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'green intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 30 'blue intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C7, 0
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{{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9)
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{{Cl|END}}'' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{CodeStart}} 0 0 30 {{CodeEnd}}
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''Example 3:'' Printing in fullscreen SCREEN 0 mode with a color background under the text only.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}} ' used for fullscreen instead of window
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 30, 6: {{Cl|LOCATE}} 12, 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello!" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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:''Result:'' Hello! is printed in flashing high intensity yellow with brown background behind text only when in Qbasic [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]].
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''Example 4:'' Using [[CLS]] after setting the background color in SCREEN 0 to make the color cover the entire screen.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}}
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{{Cl|COLOR}} , 7: {{Cl|CLS}}
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{TextStart}}{{text|Hello|blue}}{{TextEnd}}
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:''Result:'' The blue word Hello is printed to a totally grey background in [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]].
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''Example 5:'' Using a different foreground color for each letter:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 1: {{Cl|PRINT}} "H";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 3: {{Cl|PRINT}} "E";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 5: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 6: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O"
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "W";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 11: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 12: {{Cl|PRINT}} "R";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 13: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 14: {{Cl|PRINT}} "D" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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{{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|E|darkcyan}}{{text|L|darkred}}{{text|L|darkmagenta}}{{text|O|goldenrod}}
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{{text|W|blue}}{{text|O|cyan}}{{text|R|red}}{{text|L|magenta}}{{text|D|yellow}}
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 6:'' Doing the same as Example 5 but in only a few lines:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} 0
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text$ = "HelloWorld"
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} textpos = 1 {{Cl|TO}} {{Cl|LEN}}(text$)
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{{Cl|COLOR}} textpos
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos <> 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1);
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos = 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1) 'start print on next row
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{{Cl|NEXT}}
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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{{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|e|darkgreen}}{{text|l|darkcyan}}{{text|l|darkred}}{{text|o|darkmagenta}}
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{{text|W|goldenrod}}{{text|o|lightgrey}}{{text|r|dimgray}}{{text|l|blue}}{{text|d|lime}} '' ''
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{{OutputEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:''Semicolon(;) means that the next PRINT happens on the same line, we don't want that when it comes to position 5 so when it is at position 5 the next PRINT will move to the next line (when it isn't at position 5 we want it to continue printing the letter side-by-side on the same line though).
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''Example 7:'' Since SCREEN 0 only uses background colors 0 to 7 by default, use [[OUT]] to change color intensities of color 0 in QB64 only.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0 'change color 0 intensities
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 63
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 63
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 63
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 8 'change color 8 intensities
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 8: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Black on bright white!" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{WhiteStart}}'''{{text|Black on bright white!|#000000}}'''
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{{WhiteEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:'' Since QB64 does not use [[DAC]] [[SCREEN]] 0 limitations, changing color intensities for custom background colors is possible.
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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==References:==
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{{PageSeeAlso}}
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* [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]], [[RGBA32]].
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* [[_RED]], [[_GREEN]], [[_BLUE]]
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* [[_RED32]], [[_GREEN32]], [[_BLUE32]]
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* [[_ALPHA]], [[_ALPHA32]], [[_CLEARCOLOR]]
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* [[PRINT]], [[LOCATE]], [[SCREEN]]
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* [[POINT]], [[SCREEN (function)]]
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* [[OUT]], [[INP]], [[PALETTE]]
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* [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]]
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* [[_BACKGROUNDCOLOR]]
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* [[_PALETTECOLOR]]
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* [[Windows_Libraries#Color_Dialog_Box|Color Dialog Box]]
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* [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colornames.asp Hexadecimal Color Values]
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{{PageNavigation}}
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