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99 lines
4 KiB
Text
99 lines
4 KiB
Text
The {{KW|STATIC}} keyword is used in declaration statements to control where variables are stored.
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{{PageSyntax}}
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:{{KW|STATIC}} {{Parameter|variableName}}[()] [{{KW|AS}} {{Parameter|dataType}}][, ...]
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:{{KW|STATIC}} [{{KW|AS}} {{Parameter|dataType}}] {{Parameter|variableName}}[()][, ...]
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{{PageSyntax}}
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:{[[SUB]]|[[FUNCTION]]} {{Parameter|procedureName}} [({{Parameter|parameterList}})] STATIC
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{{PageDescription}}
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* A STATIC list can be used in [[SUB]] and [[FUNCTION]] procedures to designate one or more variables to retain their values.
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* Variables and arrays with static storage will retain their values in between procedure calls. The values may also be used recursively.
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:* {{Parameter|variableName}} may include a type suffix or use [[AS]] to specify a type other than the default [[SINGLE]] type.
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:* Arrays with static storage are declared by specifying empty parenthesis following the array name. See [[Arrays]]
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* STATIC can be used after the name of a [[SUB]] or [[FUNCTION]] in the procedure to force all variables to retain their values.
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* '''Recursive procedures may be required to be STATIC to avoid a Stack Overflow error. QB64 programs may just close.'''
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* [[$STATIC]] defined program [[arrays]] cannot be [[REDIM|re-sized]] or use [[_PRESERVE]].
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''Example 1: Finding the binary bit settings from a 32 bit [[LONG]] register return using recursion.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|INPUT}} "Enter a numerical value to see binary value: ", num&
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{{Cl|PRINT}} Bin$(num&)
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{{Cl|END}}
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{{Cl|FUNCTION}} Bin$ (n&) {{Cl|STATIC}} 'comment out STATIC to see what happens!
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{{Cl|DIM}} p%, s$
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} 2 ^ p% > n& {{Cl|THEN}}
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p% = 0
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{{Cl|ELSE}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} n& {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} 2 ^ p% {{Cl|THEN}} s$ = "1" + s$ {{Cl|ELSE}} s$ = "0" + s$
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} n& > 2 ^ p% {{Cl|THEN}}
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p% = p% + 1
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s$ = Bin$(n&) 'recursive call to itself
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{{Cl|ELSE}}: p% = 0
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} s$ = "" {{Cl|THEN}} Bin$ = "0" {{Cl|ELSE}} Bin$ = s$
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{{Cl|END FUNCTION}} '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:'' The [[FUNCTION]] above returns a [[STRING]] value representing the bits ON in an [[INTEGER]] value. The string can be printed to the screen to see what is happening in a port register. '''STATIC''' keeps the function from overloading the memory "Stack" and is normally REQUIRED when recursive calls are used in QBasic! '''QB64 procedures will close without warning or error!'''
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''Example 2:'' Using a static array to cache factorials, speeding up repeated calculations:
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{{CodeStart}}
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{{Cl|PRINT}} Factorial(0)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} Factorial(5)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} Factorial(50)
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{{Cl|FUNCTION}} Factorial# ( n {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|DOUBLE}} )
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{{Cl|CONST}} maxNToCache = 50
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{{Cl|STATIC}} resultCache() {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|DOUBLE}}
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{{Cl|STATIC}} firstCall {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|INTEGER}}
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' The lookup table is initially empty, so re-size it..
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} firstCall = 0 {{Cl|IF...THEN|THEN}}
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firstCall = -1
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{{Cl|REDIM}} resultCache(maxNToCache) {{Cl|AS}} {{Cl|DOUBLE}}
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' ..and pre-calculate some factorials.
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resultCache(0) = 1
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resultCache(1) = 1
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resultCache(2) = 2
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|END IF}}
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' See if we have the result cached. If so, we're done.
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} n <= maxNToCache {{Cl|IF...THEN|THEN}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} resultCache(n) <> 0 {{Cl|IF...THEN|THEN}}
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Factorial = resultCache(n)
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{{Cl|EXIT FUNCTION}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|END IF}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|END IF}}
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' If not, we use recursion to calculate the result, then cache it for later use:
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resultCache(n) = {{Cl|INT}}(n) * Factorial({{Cl|INT}}(n) - 1)
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Factorial = resultCache(n)
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{{Cl|END FUNCTION}}
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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1
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120
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3.041409320171338D+64
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{{OutputEnd}}
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{{PageSeeAlso}}
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* [[DIM]], [[REDIM]], [[COMMON]]
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* [[SUB]], [[FUNCTION]]
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* [[TYPE]], [[Arrays]]
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* [[$STATIC]], [[$DYNAMIC]] {{text|([[Metacommand]]s)}}
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* [[Data types]]
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{{PageNavigation}}
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