mirror of
https://github.com/QB64Official/qb64.git
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335 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
335 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
'''PLAY''' is a statement that plays notes of sound through the sound card in QB64 using a command [[STRING]].
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{{PageSyntax}}
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::: '''PLAY ''commandstring$'''''
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{{PageParameters}}
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* The ''commandstring'' can be any literal or variable [[STRING]] consisting of the following uppercase or lowercase commands:
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:*'''O'''n - Sets the current octave (from 0 to 6). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "O3"|green}}'''
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:*'''<''' - Down one octave (cannot be below zero). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "<<"|green}}''' 'goes down two octaves.
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:*'''>''' - Up one octave (cannot be above 6). Example: '''{{text|PLAY ">>"|green}}''' ' goes up two octaves.
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:*'''A''', '''B''', '''C''', '''D''', '''E''', '''F''' or '''G''' are the notes in the current octave. Can use the following suffixes:
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::*'''+''' or '''#''' for a sharp note. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C#"|green}}'''
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::*'''-''' for a flat note. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C-"|green}}'''
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:*'''N'''n - Plays a note n by number(n can be between 0 to 84 in the 7 octaves, where 0 is a rest). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "N42"|green}}'''
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:*'''L'''n - Sets length of a note (n can be 1 to 64 where 1 is a whole note and 4 is a quarter of a note etc.). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "L4"|green}}'''
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::*'''MS''' - Each note plays 3/4 of length set by L (staccato)
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::*'''MN''' - Each note plays 7/8 of length set by L (normal)
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::*'''ML''' - Each note plays full length set by L (legato)
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::*'''P'''n - Pause in the duration of n quarternotes (n can be 1 to 64) corresponding to L, Example: '''{{text|PLAY "P32"|green}}'''
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::*'''T'''n - Tempo sets number of L4 quarter notes per minute (n can be 32 to 255 where 120 is the default). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "T180"|green}}'''
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:::*''' . ''' - period after a note plays 1½ times the note length determined by L * T.
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:::*'''.. ''' - two periods plays 1-3/4 times the note length determined by L * T.
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:*''', ''' - '''commas in QB64''' stop play advancement to allow more than one note to be played simultaneously. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C,E,G,"|green}}'''
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:*'''V'''n - Volume in '''QB64 only''' can be any volume from 0(none) to 100(full). The default level is 50 when '''n''' is not specified.
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:*'''MF''' - Play music in the foreground (each note must be completed before another can start).
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:*'''MB''' - Play music in the background while program code execution continues (QB64 has no note buffer limits).
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:*'''X''' '''+''' [[VARPTR$]](string-expression) - executes a command string variable. '''MUST be used with variables!'''.
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''Usage:''
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* MB will allow music to play while program code progresses. MF will wait for code to continue playing notes.
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* Command string values are not case sensitive and spacing is ignored. Use upper or lower case as desired.
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*'''NOTE: In QB64, PLAY may NOT delay program progress! Use [[_DELAY]] and [[END]] to allow music completion.'''
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''Example 1:'' Plays a sound with the volume and note varying from 0 to 50. Maximum note can only be 84.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "mll64"
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{{Cl|DO}}
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 50
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a$ = a$ + "v" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x)) + "n" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x))
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{{Cl|NEXT}}
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 50 {{Cl|TO}} 1 {{Cl|STEP}} -1
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a$ = a$ + "v" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x)) + "n" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x))
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{{Cl|NEXT}}
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{{Cl|PLAY}} a$
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a$ = ""
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{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} {{Cl|INKEY$}} <> ""
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "v10l1c,l4egl2o5c,o4l4eg" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{small|Code by Galleon}}
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''Example 2:'' Plays "Frosty the snowman". The lyric printing is not delayed by PLAY in QB64.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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CLS : PRINT "Frosty the Snow Man"
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} X = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 2
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PRINT
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man was a jolly happy soul,"
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man knew the sun was hot that day"
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "t140o2p4g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2." 'MB removed to print song one line at a time
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "with a corn cob pipe and a button nose and two eyes made out of coal."
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "so he said Let's run and we'll have some fun now before I melt away."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4f4g2."
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow Man is a fair-y tale, they say,"
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Down to the vil-lage, with a broom-stick in his hand,"
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2."
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "He was made of snow but the chil-dren knew how he come to life one day."
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "run-ning here and there all a-round the square, say-in' catch me if you can."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2."
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "There must have been some magic in that old silk hat they found."
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "He led them down the streets of town right to the traffic cop."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "c4a4a4o3c4c4o2b4a4g4e4f4a4g4f4e2."
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "For when they placed it on his head he be-gan to dance a round."
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "And he on-ly paused a moment when he heard him hol-ler Stop!"
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "e8e8d4d4g4g4b4b4o3d4d8o2b8o3d4c4o2b4a4g4p4"
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Oh, Fros-ty the Snow Man was a-live as he could be,"
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "For, Fros-ty the Snow Man had to hur-ry on his way"
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "g2g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g8g2."
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IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "and the chil-dren say he could laugh and play just the same as you and me."
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IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "but he waved good-bye say-in' Don't you cry, I'll be back a-gain some day."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2.p4"
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NEXT X
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PRINT : PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, look at Fros-ty go."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4a4g4e4g4d1"
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PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, ov-er the hills of snow."
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4g8g8g4a4b4o3c2c4p1"
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{{Cl|END}}'' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{small|Greg Rismoen 12/09/84}}
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''Example 3:'' Clicking on the grid enables various notes to be played simultaneously.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|DIM}} {{Cl|SHARED}} grid(16, 16), grid2(16, 16), cur
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{{Cl|CONST}} maxx = 512
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{{Cl|CONST}} maxy = 512
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{{Cl|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} {{Cl|_NEWIMAGE}}(maxx, maxy, 32)
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{{Cl|_TITLE}} "MusicGrid"
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cleargrid
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{{Cl|DO}}
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{{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|TIMER}} - t# > 1 / 8 {{Cl|THEN}} cur = (cur + 1) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} 15: t# = {{Cl|TIMER}}
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{{Cl|IF}} cur <> oldcur {{Cl|THEN}}
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figuregrid
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drawgrid
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playgrid
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oldcur = cur
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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domousestuff
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in$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
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{{Cl|IF}} in$ = "C" {{Cl|OR (boolean)|OR}} in$ = "c" {{Cl|THEN}} cleargrid
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{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} in$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27)
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{{Cl|SUB}} drawgrid
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scale! = maxx / 16
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scale2 = maxx \ 16 - 2
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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y1 = y * scale!
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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x1 = x * scale!
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c& = {{Cl|_RGB32}}(grid2(x, y) * 64 + 64, 0, 0)
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{{Cl|LINE}} (x1, y1)-(x1 + scale2, y1 + scale2), c&, BF
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{{Cl|NEXT}} x
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{{Cl|NEXT}} y
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} figuregrid
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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grid2(x, y) = grid(x, y)
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{{Cl|NEXT}} x
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{{Cl|NEXT}} y
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 14
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 14
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y) = 1 {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} cur = x {{Cl|THEN}}
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grid2(x, y) = 2
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(x - 1, y) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x - 1, y) = 1
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(x + 1, y) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x + 1, y) = 1
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y - 1) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x, y - 1) = 1
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y + 1) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x, y + 1) = 1
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|NEXT}} x
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{{Cl|NEXT}} y
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} domousestuff
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{{Cl|DO}} {{Cl|WHILE}} {{Cl|_MOUSEINPUT}}
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{{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|_MOUSEBUTTON}}(1) {{Cl|THEN}}
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x = {{Cl|_MOUSEX}} \ (maxx \ 16)
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y = {{Cl|_MOUSEY}} \ (maxy \ 16)
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grid(x, y) = 1 - grid(x, y)
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|LOOP}}
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} playgrid
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n$ = "L16 "
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'scale$ = "O1CO1DO1EO1FO1GO1AO1BO2CO2DO2EO2FO2GO2AO2BO3CO3D"
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scale$ = "o1fo1go1ao2co2do2fo2go2ao3co3do3fo3go3ao4co4do4fo"
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 15 {{Cl|TO}} 0 {{Cl|STEP}} -1
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{{Cl|IF}} grid(cur, y) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}}
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note$ = {{Cl|MID$}}(scale$, 1 + (15 - y) * 3, 3)
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n$ = n$ + note$ + "," 'comma plays 2 or more column notes simultaneously
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|NEXT}} y
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n$ = {{Cl|LEFT$}}(n$, {{Cl|LEN}}(n$) - 1)
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{{Cl|PLAY}} n$
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} cleargrid
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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grid(x, y) = 0
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{{Cl|NEXT}} x
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{{Cl|NEXT}} y
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{{Cl|END SUB}} '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{small|Code by JP}}
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''Example 4:'' Play strings starting with MB allow program code to run while music plays in background.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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' 2012, 2013 mennonite
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' license: creative commons cc0 1.0 universal
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' (public domain) http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12 ' the following works in other screen modes, too
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{{Cl|RANDOMIZE}} {{Cl|TIMER}}
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{{Cl|PLAY}} "mb l4cf.l8el4fag.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8fl4a>cl2dl4dl4c.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl2f>l4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4g>dc.<l8al4a>cl2dl4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl1f"
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{{Cl|DIM}} ccs(1 {{Cl|TO}} 9, 1 {{Cl|TO}} 2)
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ccs(1, 1) = 415: ccs(1, 2) = 289
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ccs(2, 1) = 185: ccs(2, 2) = 128
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ccs(3, 1) = 108: ccs(3, 2) = 75
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ccs(4, 1) = 70: ccs(4, 2) = 48
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ccs(5, 1) = 48: ccs(5, 2) = 32
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ccs(6, 1) = 32: ccs(6, 2) = 20
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ccs(7, 1) = 20: ccs(7, 2) = 12
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ccs(8, 1) = 10: ccs(8, 2) = 6
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ccs(9, 1) = 2: ccs(9, 2) = 2
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} extra = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 23
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} p = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 9
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gcolor {{Cl|INT}}({{Cl|RND}} * 9 + 14 - 9)
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{{Cl|_DELAY}} .04
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{{Cl|CLS}}
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gscale p
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row = ccs(p, 1)
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cl = ccs(p, 2)
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glocate row, cl
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gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
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glocate row + 1, cl
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gprint "0x00x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x00x0xxxx0x000x000x0x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx000x00"
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glocate row + 2, cl
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gprint "0x00x0x00x0x00x0x00x0x0x000xx0x0x0000x000x000x0x0x0000x00x0x00x000x00"
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glocate row + 3, cl
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gprint "0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x0xx0xxx00x0x0x000x0x0xxx00xxxx0xxxx000x00"
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glocate row + 4, cl
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gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0x0000x0x0x0000x00x0000x00x0x0x0000000"
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glocate row + 5, cl
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gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0xxxx0xx0xx0000x00xxxx0x00x0x00x000x00"
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glocate row + 6, cl
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gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
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{{Cl|NEXT}} p
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{{Cl|SLEEP}} 1
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|INKEY$}} = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27) {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|EXIT}} {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}}
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{{Cl|NEXT}} extra
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{{Cl|END}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} gscale (s):
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gscalep
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gscalep = {{Cl|INT}}(s)
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} gcolor (c):
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gcolorp
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gcolorp = c
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} gbackcolor (c):
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gbackcolorp
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gbackcolorp = c
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} glocate (row, column):
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gposxp
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gposyp
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gposyp = row
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gposxp = column
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{{Cl|END SUB}}
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{{Cl|SUB}} gprint (p$):
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gscalep
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gposxp, gposyp
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{{Cl|SHARED}} gcolorp, gbackcolorp
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' # means "use the foreground color here."
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' . means "use the background color here."
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' _ means "transparent - don't draw this block at all" (you can layer!)
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' 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f means "do color attribute 0 to 15."
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' any letter after f: "use the foreground color here."
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} gscalep < 1 {{Cl|THEN}} gscalep = 1
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pcolorp = gcolorp
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} p = 1 {{Cl|TO}} {{Cl|LEN}}(p$):
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{{Cl|SELECT CASE}} {{Cl|LCASE$}}({{Cl|MID$}}(p$, p, 1))
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{{Cl|CASE}} "#", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"
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pcolorp = gcolorp
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{{Cl|CASE}} "."
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pcolorp = gbackcolorp
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{{Cl|CASE}} "_"
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pcolorp = -1
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{{Cl|CASE}} "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"
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pcolorp = {{Cl|INSTR}}("0123456789abcdef", {{Cl|LCASE$}}({{Cl|MID$}}(p$, p, 1))) - 1
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{{Cl|END SELECT}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|NOT}} pcolorp = -1 {{Cl|THEN}}
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} gscalep > 1 {{Cl|THEN}}
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{{Cl|LINE}} ((gposxp - 1) * gscalep, (gposyp - 1) * gscalep)-{{Cl|STEP}}(gscalep - 1, gscalep - 1), pcolorp, BF
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{{Cl|ELSE}}:
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{{Cl|PSET}} (gposxp, gposyp), pcolorp
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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{{Cl|END IF}}
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glocate gposyp, gposxp + 1
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{{Cl|NEXT}} p
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gposxp = 1
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glocate gposyp + 1, 1 'gposyp = gposyp + 1
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{{Cl|END SUB}} '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}{{small|Code by Mennonite}}
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''Example 5:'' This example uses [[PRINT]] to good effect as string spacing is ignored by PLAY:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|WIDTH}} 59, 28
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{{Cl|PRINT}} <nowiki>
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x$ = x$ + " o3 l4 t 0120c ml<f1 ,a 1, "
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x$ = x$ + " >c 1, mnf .e 8f am l< e1 ,g "
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x$ = x$ + " 1, >c 1, mn g. f8 ga 8g 8m l< "
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x$ = x$ + " f2.,a2., >c 2. ,m nf .f 8a ml<f "
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x$ = x$ + " ,a,>c,mn >cd2.,<f2 .,d2 .,<b -2 "
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x$ = x$ + " .m lb -,>d,f,mn>d ml <c 1, "
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x$ = x$ + " <a 1, f1 ,m n> >c .< "
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x$ = x$ + " a8 af ml c1 ,< e1 ,g "
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x$ = x$ + " "
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x$ = x$ + " 1,m n> g.f8ga8g8m l< f1 "
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x$ = x$ + " ,d1, <b -1 ,m n> "
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x$ = x$ + " >f .d 8d c< f2 ., "
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x$ = x$ + " a2 ., c2 .,>f2. ml < b- "
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x$ = x$ + " ,> d, f, mn>dml <c 1,< a1 "
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x$ = x$ + " ,f 1, mn >> c. <a 8a fm "
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x$ = x$ + " lc 2.,< e2 .,g2 .,mn "
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x$ = x$ + " >g .f8 gml<b-,>d, f, mn "
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x$ = x$ + " "
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x$ = x$ + ">d ml <<f2.,a2., > c2.,m n> c."
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x$ = x$ + " <a 8a ml <e, g, >c ,m n>"
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x$ = x$ + " cm l< <b -2 ., >d 2. ,f 2."
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x$ = x$ + " ,mn> d2.ml< <b -, >d ,f ,m n>"
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x$ = x$ + " dm l<<f1, a1,>c1,mn >c.<a 8a fm"
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x$ = x$ + " lc 1, <e1,g1,mn>g .f 8g a8 g8"
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x$ = x$ + " ml << b- 1, >d 1, "
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x$ = x$ + " f1 ,mn>f.d8dc l1 ml f, c, <a ,f"</nowiki>
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{{Cl|PRINT}} x$;
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{{Cl|PLAY}} x '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}{{small|Code by Luke}}
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''See also:'''
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* [[SOUND]], [[DRAW]]
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* [[_SNDRAW]] (play frequency waves)
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* [[_SNDOPEN]] (play sound files)
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