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379 lines
11 KiB
C
379 lines
11 KiB
C
/*
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* Lorenz Strange Attractor
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*
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* Written by John F. Fay in honor of the "freeglut" 2.0.0 release in July 2003
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*
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* What it does:
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* This program starts with two particles right next to each other. The particles
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* move through a three-dimensional phase space governed by the following equations:
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* dx/dt = sigma * ( y - x )
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* dy/dt = r * x - y + x * z
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* dz/dt = x * y + b * z
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* These are the Lorenz equations and define the "Lorenz Attractor." Any two particles
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* arbitrarily close together will move apart as time increases, but their tracks are
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* confined within a region of the space.
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*
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* Commands:
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* Arrow keys: Rotate the view
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* PgUp, PgDn: Zoom in and out
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* Mouse click: Center on the nearest point on a particle trajectory
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*
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* 'r'/'R': Reset the simulation
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* 'm'/'M': Modify the Lorenz parameters (in the text window)
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* 's'/'S': Stop (the advancement in time)
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* 'g'/'G': Go
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* <spacebar>: Single-step
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* <Escape>: Quit
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*/
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/* Include Files */
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <stdarg.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <math.h>
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#include <GL/freeglut.h>
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#ifdef _MSC_VER
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/* DUMP MEMORY LEAKS */
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#include <crtdbg.h>
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#endif
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/************************************** Defined Constants ***************************************/
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/* Number of points to draw in the curves */
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#define NUM_POINTS 512
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/* Angle to rotate when the user presses an arrow key */
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#define ROTATION_ANGLE 5.0
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/* Amount to scale bu when the user presses PgUp or PgDn */
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#define SCALE_FACTOR 0.8
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/*************************************** Global Variables ***************************************/
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/* Lorenz Attractor variables */
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double s0 = 10.0, r0 = 28.0, b0 = 8.0/3.0 ; /* Default Lorenz attactor parameters */
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double time_step = 0.03 ; /* Time step in the simulation */
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double sigma = 10.0, r = 28.0, b = 8.0/3.0 ; /* Lorenz attactor parameters */
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double red_position[NUM_POINTS][3] ; /* Path of the red point */
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double grn_position[NUM_POINTS][3] ; /* Path of the green point */
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int array_index ; /* Position in *_position arrays of most recent point */
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double distance = 0.0 ; /* Distance between the two points */
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/* GLUT variables */
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double yaw = 0.0, pit = 0.0 ; /* Euler angles of the viewing rotation */
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double scale = 1.0 ; /* Scale factor */
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double xcen = 0.0, ycen = 0.0, zcen = 0.0 ; /* Coordinates of the point looked at */
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int animate = 1 ; /* 0 - stop, 1 = go, 2 = single-step */
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/******************************************* Functions ******************************************/
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/* The Lorenz Attractor */
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void calc_deriv ( double position[3], double deriv[3] )
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{
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/* Calculate the Lorenz attractor derivatives */
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deriv[0] = sigma * ( position[1] - position[0] ) ;
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deriv[1] = ( r + position[2] ) * position[0] - position[1] ;
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deriv[2] = -position[0] * position[1] - b * position[2] ;
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}
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void advance_in_time ( double time_step, double position[3], double new_position[3] )
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{
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/* Move a point along the Lorenz attractor */
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double deriv0[3], deriv1[3], deriv2[3], deriv3[3] ;
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int i ;
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memcpy ( new_position, position, 3 * sizeof(double) ) ; /* Save the present values */
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/* First pass in a Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta integration method */
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calc_deriv ( position, deriv0 ) ;
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for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
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new_position[i] = position[i] + 0.5 * time_step * deriv0[i] ;
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/* Second pass */
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calc_deriv ( new_position, deriv1 ) ;
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for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
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new_position[i] = position[i] + 0.5 * time_step * deriv1[i] ;
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/* Third pass */
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calc_deriv ( position, deriv2 ) ;
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for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
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new_position[i] = position[i] + time_step * deriv2[i] ;
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/* Second pass */
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calc_deriv ( new_position, deriv3 ) ;
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for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
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new_position[i] = position[i] + 0.1666666666666666667 * time_step *
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( deriv0[i] + 2.0 * ( deriv1[i] + deriv2[i] ) + deriv3[i] ) ;
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}
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static void
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checkedFGets ( char *s, int size, FILE *stream )
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{
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if ( fgets ( s, size, stream ) == NULL ) {
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fprintf ( stderr, "fgets failed\n");
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exit ( EXIT_FAILURE );
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}
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}
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/* GLUT callbacks */
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#define INPUT_LINE_LENGTH 80
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void key_cb ( unsigned char key, int x, int y )
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{
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int i ;
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char inputline [ INPUT_LINE_LENGTH ] ;
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switch ( key )
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{
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case 'r' : case 'R' : /* Reset the simulation */
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/* Reset the Lorenz parameters */
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sigma = s0 ;
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b = b0 ;
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r = r0 ;
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/* Set an initial position */
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red_position[0][0] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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red_position[0][1] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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red_position[0][2] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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grn_position[0][0] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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grn_position[0][1] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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grn_position[0][2] = (double)rand() / (double)RAND_MAX ;
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array_index = 0 ;
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/* Initialize the arrays */
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for ( i = 1; i < NUM_POINTS; i++ )
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{
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memcpy ( red_position[i], red_position[0], 3 * sizeof(double) ) ;
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memcpy ( grn_position[i], grn_position[0], 3 * sizeof(double) ) ;
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}
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break ;
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case 'm' : case 'M' : /* Modify the Lorenz parameters */
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printf ( "Please enter new value for <sigma> (default %f, currently %f): ", s0, sigma ) ;
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checkedFGets ( inputline, sizeof ( inputline ), stdin ) ;
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sscanf ( inputline, "%lf", &sigma ) ;
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printf ( "Please enter new value for <b> (default %f, currently %f): ", b0, b ) ;
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checkedFGets ( inputline, sizeof ( inputline ), stdin ) ;
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sscanf ( inputline, "%lf", &b ) ;
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printf ( "Please enter new value for <r> (default %f, currently %f): ", r0, r ) ;
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checkedFGets ( inputline, sizeof ( inputline ), stdin ) ;
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sscanf ( inputline, "%lf", &r ) ;
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break ;
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case 's' : case 'S' : /* Stop the animation */
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animate = 0 ;
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break ;
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case 'g' : case 'G' : /* Start the animation */
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animate = 1 ;
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break ;
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case ' ' : /* Spacebar: Single step */
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animate = 2 ;
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break ;
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case 27 : /* Escape key */
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glutLeaveMainLoop () ;
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break ;
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}
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}
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void special_cb ( int key, int x, int y )
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{
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switch ( key )
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{
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case GLUT_KEY_UP : /* Rotate up a little */
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glRotated ( ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) ;
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break ;
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case GLUT_KEY_DOWN : /* Rotate down a little */
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glRotated ( -ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) ;
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break ;
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case GLUT_KEY_LEFT : /* Rotate left a little */
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glRotated ( ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) ;
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break ;
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case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT : /* Rotate right a little */
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glRotated ( -ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) ;
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break ;
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case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP : /* Zoom in a little */
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glScaled ( 1.0 / SCALE_FACTOR, 1.0 / SCALE_FACTOR, 1.0 / SCALE_FACTOR ) ;
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break ;
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case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN : /* Zoom out a little */
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glScaled ( SCALE_FACTOR, SCALE_FACTOR, SCALE_FACTOR ) ;
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break ;
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}
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glutPostRedisplay () ;
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}
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void mouse_cb ( int button, int updown, int x, int y )
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{
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if ( updown == GLUT_DOWN )
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{
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double dist = 1.0e20 ; /* A very large number */
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dist = 0.0 ; /* so we don't get "unused variable" compiler warning */
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/* The idea here is that we go into "pick" mode and pick the nearest point
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to the mouse click position. Unfortunately I don't have the time to implement
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it at the moment. */
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}
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}
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void draw_curve ( int index, double position [ NUM_POINTS ][3] )
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{
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int i = index ;
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glBegin ( GL_LINE_STRIP ) ;
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do
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{
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i = ( i == NUM_POINTS-1 ) ? 0 : i + 1 ;
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glVertex3dv ( position[i] ) ;
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}
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while ( i != index ) ;
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glEnd () ;
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}
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void bitmapPrintf (const char *fmt, ...)
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{
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static char buf[256];
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va_list args;
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va_start(args, fmt);
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#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
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(void) _vsnprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
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#else
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(void) vsnprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
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#endif
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va_end(args);
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glutBitmapString ( GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12, (unsigned char*)buf ) ;
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}
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void display_cb ( void )
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{
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glClear ( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ) ;
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glColor3d ( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) ; /* White */
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/* Draw some axes */
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glBegin ( GL_LINES ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 2.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glVertex3d ( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) ;
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glEnd () ;
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glColor3d ( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ; /* Red */
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draw_curve ( array_index, red_position ) ;
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glColor3d ( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ) ; /* Green */
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draw_curve ( array_index, grn_position ) ;
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/* Print the distance between the two points */
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glColor3d ( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) ; /* White */
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glRasterPos2i ( 1, 1 ) ;
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bitmapPrintf ( "Distance: %10.6f", distance ) ;
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glutSwapBuffers();
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}
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void reshape_cb ( int width, int height )
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{
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float ar;
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glViewport ( 0, 0, width, height ) ;
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glMatrixMode ( GL_PROJECTION ) ;
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glLoadIdentity () ;
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ar = (float) width / (float) height ;
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glFrustum ( -ar, ar, -1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 ) ;
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glMatrixMode ( GL_MODELVIEW ) ;
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glLoadIdentity () ;
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xcen = 0.0 ;
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ycen = 0.0 ;
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zcen = 0.0 ;
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glTranslated ( xcen, ycen, zcen - 50.0 ) ;
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}
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void timer_cb ( int value )
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{
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/* Function called at regular intervals to update the positions of the points */
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double deltax, deltay, deltaz ;
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int new_index = array_index + 1 ;
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/* Set the next timed callback */
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glutTimerFunc ( 30, timer_cb, 0 ) ;
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if ( animate > 0 )
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{
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if ( new_index == NUM_POINTS ) new_index = 0 ;
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advance_in_time ( time_step, red_position[array_index], red_position[new_index] ) ;
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advance_in_time ( time_step, grn_position[array_index], grn_position[new_index] ) ;
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array_index = new_index ;
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deltax = red_position[array_index][0] - grn_position[array_index][0] ;
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deltay = red_position[array_index][1] - grn_position[array_index][1] ;
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deltaz = red_position[array_index][2] - grn_position[array_index][2] ;
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distance = sqrt ( deltax * deltax + deltay * deltay + deltaz * deltaz ) ;
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if ( animate == 2 ) animate = 0 ;
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}
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glutPostRedisplay () ;
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}
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/* The Main Program */
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int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
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{
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int pargc = argc ;
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/* Initialize the random number generator */
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srand ( 1023 ) ;
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/* Set up the OpenGL parameters */
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glEnable ( GL_DEPTH_TEST ) ;
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glClearColor ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ) ;
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glClearDepth ( 1.0 ) ;
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/* Initialize GLUT */
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glutInitWindowSize ( 600, 600 ) ;
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glutInit ( &pargc, argv ) ;
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glutInitDisplayMode ( GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH ) ;
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/* Create the window */
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glutCreateWindow ( "Lorenz Attractor" ) ;
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glutKeyboardFunc ( key_cb ) ;
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glutMouseFunc ( mouse_cb ) ;
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glutSpecialFunc ( special_cb ) ;
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glutDisplayFunc ( display_cb ) ;
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glutReshapeFunc ( reshape_cb ) ;
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glutTimerFunc ( 30, timer_cb, 0 ) ;
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/* Initialize the attractor: The easiest way is to call the keyboard callback with an
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* argument of 'r' for Reset.
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*/
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key_cb ( 'r', 0, 0 ) ;
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/* Enter the GLUT main loop */
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glutMainLoop () ;
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#ifdef _MSC_VER
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/* DUMP MEMORY LEAK INFORMATION */
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_CrtDumpMemoryLeaks () ;
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#endif
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return 0 ;
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}
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