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240 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
240 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
The [[COLOR]] statement is used to change the foreground and background colors for printing text.
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{{PageSyntax}}
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: [[COLOR]] [{{Parameter|foreground&}}][, {{Parameter|background&}}]
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{{PageDescription}}
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* {{Parameter|background&}} colors are available in all QB64 color SCREEN modes.
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* [[SCREEN]] mode 10 has only 3 white foreground attributes including flashing.
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* To change the {{Parameter|background&}} color only, use a comma and the desired color. Ex: [[COLOR]] , {{Parameter|background&}}
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* Graphic drawing statements like [[PSET]], [[PRESET]], [[LINE]], etc, also use the colors set by the [[COLOR]] statement if no color is passed when they are called.
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* The [[$COLOR]] metacommand adds named color constants for both text and 32-bit modes.
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==Screen Mode Attributes==
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* '''SCREEN 0''' {{Parameter|background&}} colors 0 to 7 can be changed each text character without affecting other text. Use [[CLS]] after a background color statement to create a fullscreen background color. 64 [[DAC]] hues with 16 high intensity blinking foreground (16 to 31) color attributes. See [[_BLINK]].
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** See example 7 below for more SCREEN 0 background colors.
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* '''SCREEN 1''' has '''4 background color attributes''': 0 = black, 1 = blue, 2 = green, 3 = grey. White foreground color only.
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* '''SCREEN 2''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and black background.
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* '''SCREEN 7''' can use 16 ([[DAC]]) colors with background colors. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 7 using [[_PALETTECOLOR]].
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* '''SCREEN 8''' has 16 color attributes with 16 background colors.
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* '''SCREEN 9''' can use up to 64 [[DAC]] color hues in 16 color attributes with background colors assigned to attribute 0 with a [[_PALETTECOLOR]] swap. RGB settings can be changed in colors 0 to 5 and 7 using [[_PALETTECOLOR]].
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* '''SCREEN 10''' has '''only 4 color attributes''' with black background. COLOR 0 = black, 1 = grey, 2 = flash white and 3 = bright white.
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* '''SCREEN 11''' is '''monochrome''' with white forecolor and a black background.
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* '''SCREEN 12''' can use 16 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB color hues. Background colors can be used with QB64.
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* '''SCREEN 13''' can use 256 color attributes with a black background. 256K possible RGB hues.
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* [[PALETTE]] swaps can be made in SCREEN 7 and 9 only. Those screens were [[DAC]] screen modes in QBasic.
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* [[_DEST]] can be used to set the destination page or image to color using '''QB64'''.
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* [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]] returns the current color being used on an image or screen page handle.
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===24/32-Bit colors using QB64===
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* Pixel color intensities for red, green, blue and alpha range from 0 to 255 when used with [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]] and [[RGBA32]].
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* Combined RGB function values returned are [[LONG]] values. '''Blue intensity values may be cut off using [[SINGLE]] variables.'''
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* [[_ALPHA]] transparency values can range from 0 as transparent up to 255 which is fully opaque.
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* [[_CLEARCOLOR]] can also be used to set a color as transparent.
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* Colors can be mixed by using [[_BLEND]] (default) in 32-bit screen modes. [[_DONTBLEND]] disables blending.
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* '''NOTE: Default 32-bit backgrounds are clear black or [[_RGBA]](0, 0, 0, 0). Use [[CLS]] to make the black opaque.'''
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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==RGB Palette Intensities==
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RGB intensity values can be converted to hexadecimal values to create the [[LONG]] [[_PALETTECOLOR]] value in non-32-bit screens:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12
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alpha$ = "FF" 'solid alpha colors only
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0: {{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 20 'set black background to dark blue
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{{Cl|PRINT}} "Attribute = Hex value Red Green Blue "
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{{Cl|PRINT}}
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 7
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} attribute = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C7, attribute 'set color attribute to read
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red$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4) 'convert port setting to 32 bit values
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grn$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4)
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blu$ = {{Cl|HEX$}}({{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9) * 4)
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(red$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} red$ = "0" + red$ '2 hex digits required
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(grn$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} grn$ = "0" + grn$ 'for low or zero hex values
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|LEN}}(blu$) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}} blu$ = "0" + blu$
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hex32$ = "{{Cl|&H}}" + alpha$ + red$ + grn$ + blu$
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{{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} attribute, {{Cl|VAL}}(hex32$) 'VAL converts hex string to a LONG 32 bit value
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} attribute {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|COLOR}} attribute 'exclude black color print
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{{Cl|PRINT}} "{{Cl|COLOR}}" + {{Cl|STR$}}(attribute) + " = " + hex32$, red$, grn$, blu$ 'returns closest attribute
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{{Cl|NEXT}} '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}Attribute Hex value Red Green Blue
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{{text|COLOR 0 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF000050 00 00 50|#A8A8A8}}
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{{text|COLOR 1 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF0000A8 00 00 A8|#0050A8}}
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{{text|COLOR 2 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF00A800 00 A8 00|#00A800}}
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{{text|COLOR 3 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF00A8A8 00 A8 A8|#00A8A8}}
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{{text|COLOR 4 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA80000 A8 00 00|#A80000}}
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{{text|COLOR 5 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA800A8 A8 00 A8|#A800A8}}
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{{text|COLOR 6 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA85400 A8 54 00|#A85400}}
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{{text|COLOR 7 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFA8A8A8 A8 A8 A8|#A8A8A8}}
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{{text|COLOR 8 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF545454 54 54 54|#545454}}
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{{text|COLOR 9 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF5454FC 54 54 FC|#5454FC}}
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{{text|COLOR 10 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF54FC54 54 FC 54|#54FC54}}
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{{text|COLOR 11 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFF5454FC 54 FC FC|#54FCFC}}
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{{text|COLOR 12 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFC5454 FC 54 54|#FC5454}}
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{{text|COLOR 13 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFC54FC FC 54 FC|#FC54FC}}
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{{text|COLOR 14 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFCFC54 FC FC 54|#FCFC54}}
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{{text|COLOR 15 <nowiki>=</nowiki> &HFFFCFCFC FC FC FC|#FCFCFC}}
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{{OutputEnd}}
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:''Explanation:'' The RGB intensity values are multiplied by 4 to get the [[_RGB]] intensity values as [[HEX$|hexadecimal]] values. The individual 2 digit [[HEX$]] intensity values can be added to "&HFF" to make up the 32-bit hexadecimal string value necessary for [[VAL]] to return to [[_PALETTECOLOR]]. The statement is only included in the example to show how that can be done with any 32-bit color value.
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:'''Note:''' Black has a blue hex value of 50 due to the [[OUT]] background color setting which makes it dark blue.
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===Reading and setting color port intensities using [[INP]] and [[OUT]]===
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* Legacy code may use [[INP]] and [[OUT]] to read or set color port intensities. '''QB64''' emulates VGA memory to maintain compatibility.
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* The same can be achieved using [[_PALETTECOLOR]] ('''recommended practice''').
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:'''{{text|OUT &H3C7, attribute|green}}''' 'Set port to read RGB settings with:
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:'''{{text|color_intensity <nowiki>=</nowiki> INP(&H3C9)|green}}''' 'reads present intensity setting
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:'''{{text|OUT &H3C8, attribute|green}}''' 'Set port to write RGB settings with:
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:'''{{text|OUT &H3C9, color_intensity|green}}''' 'writes new intensity setting
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* After every 3 reads or writes, changes to next higher color attribute. Loops can be used to set more than one attribute's intensities.
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* Color port setting of red, green and blue intensities can be done in ascending order.
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* Color port attribute intensity values range from 0 to 63 (1/4 of the 32-bit values) in QBasic's legacy 4 and 8 bit screen modes.
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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{{PageExamples}}
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''Example 1:'' Reading the default RGB color settings of color attribute 15.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|OUT}} &H3C7, 15
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red% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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green% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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blue% = {{Cl|INP}}(&H3C9)
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{{Cl|PRINT}} red%, green%, blue% '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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63 63 63
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 2:'' Changing the color settings of attribute 0 (the background) to dark blue in [[SCREEN]]s 12 or 13.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C8, 0 'set color port attribute to write
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'red intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 0 'green intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C9, 30 'blue intensity
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{{Cl|OUT}} {{Cl|&H}}3C7, 0
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{{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9); {{Cl|INP}}({{Cl|&H}}3C9)
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{{Cl|END}}'' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{CodeStart}} 0 0 30 {{CodeEnd}}
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''Example 3:'' Printing in fullscreen SCREEN 0 mode with a color background under the text only.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}} ' used for fullscreen instead of window
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 30, 6: {{Cl|LOCATE}} 12, 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello!" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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:''Result:'' Hello! is printed in flashing high intensity yellow with brown background behind text only when in Qbasic [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]].
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''Example 4:'' Using [[CLS]] after setting the background color in SCREEN 0 to make the color cover the entire screen.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0: {{Cl|_FULLSCREEN}}
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{{Cl|COLOR}} , 7: {{Cl|CLS}}
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Hello" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{TextStart}}{{text|Hello|blue}}{{TextEnd}}
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:''Result:'' The blue word Hello is printed to a totally grey background in [[_FULLSCREEN|fullscreen]].
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''Example 5:'' Using a different foreground color for each letter:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN}} 0
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 1: {{Cl|PRINT}} "H";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 3: {{Cl|PRINT}} "E";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 4: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 5: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 6: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O"
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 9: {{Cl|PRINT}} "W";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 11: {{Cl|PRINT}} "O";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 12: {{Cl|PRINT}} "R";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 13: {{Cl|PRINT}} "L";
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 14: {{Cl|PRINT}} "D" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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{{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|E|darkcyan}}{{text|L|darkred}}{{text|L|darkmagenta}}{{text|O|goldenrod}}
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{{text|W|blue}}{{text|O|cyan}}{{text|R|red}}{{text|L|magenta}}{{text|D|yellow}}
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{{OutputEnd}}
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''Example 6:'' Doing the same as Example 5 but in only a few lines:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} 0
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text$ = "HelloWorld"
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{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} textpos = 1 {{Cl|TO}} {{Cl|LEN}}(text$)
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{{Cl|COLOR}} textpos
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos <> 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1);
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{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} textpos = 5 {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|PRINT}} {{Cl|MID$}}(text$, textpos, 1) 'start print on next row
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{{Cl|NEXT}}
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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{{text|H|darkblue}}{{text|e|darkgreen}}{{text|l|darkcyan}}{{text|l|darkred}}{{text|o|darkmagenta}}
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{{text|W|goldenrod}}{{text|o|lightgrey}}{{text|r|dimgray}}{{text|l|blue}}{{text|d|lime}} '' ''
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{{OutputEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:''Semicolon(;) means that the next PRINT happens on the same line, we don't want that when it comes to position 5 so when it is at position 5 the next PRINT will move to the next line (when it isn't at position 5 we want it to continue printing the letter side-by-side on the same line though).
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''Example 7:'' Since SCREEN 0 only uses background colors 0 to 7 by default, use [[_PALETTECOLOR]] to change color intensities of color 0.
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 0, _RGB32(255, 255, 255) 'change color 0 intensity
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{{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 8, _RGB32(0, 0, 0) 'change color 8 intensity
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 8: {{Cl|PRINT}} "Black on bright white!" '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{WhiteStart}}'''{{text|Black on bright white!|#000000}}'''
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{{WhiteEnd}}
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----
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: ''Explanation:'' Since QB64 does not have [[DAC]] [[SCREEN]] 0 limitations, changing color intensities for custom background colors is possible.
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''Example 8:'' Changing light gray text in [[SCREEN]] 0 to a 32 bit custom color using a [[LONG]] HTML hexadecimal value:
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{{CodeStart}} '' ''
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{{Cl|COLOR}} 7
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{{Cl|PRINT}} "Color 7 is gray"
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K$ = {{Cl|INPUT$}}(1)
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{{Cl|_PALETTECOLOR}} 7, {{Cl|&H}}FFDAA520 ' FF alpha makes the color translucent
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{{Cl|PRINT}} "Color 7 is now Goldenrod in {{Cl|SCREEN}} 0! '' ''
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{{CodeEnd}}
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{{OutputStart}}
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{{text|Color 7 is gray|#A8A8A8}}
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{{text|Color 7 is now Goldenrod in SCREEN 0!|#DAA520}}
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{{OutputEnd}}
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: ''Explanation:'' [[_RGB32]] could be used to make custom 32 bit colors or HTML values could be used after &HFF for solid colors.
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<p style="text-align: center">([[#toc|Return to Table of Contents]])</p>
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{{PageSeeAlso}}
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* [[$COLOR]] (metacommand)
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* [[_RGB]], [[_RGBA]], [[_RGB32]], [[RGBA32]].
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* [[_RED]], [[_GREEN]], [[_BLUE]]
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* [[_RED32]], [[_GREEN32]], [[_BLUE32]]
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* [[_ALPHA]], [[_ALPHA32]], [[_CLEARCOLOR]]
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* [[PRINT]], [[LOCATE]], [[SCREEN]]
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* [[POINT]], [[SCREEN (function)]]
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* [[OUT]], [[INP]], [[PALETTE]]
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* [[_BLINK]]
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* [[_DEFAULTCOLOR]]
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* [[_BACKGROUNDCOLOR]]
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* [[_PALETTECOLOR]]
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* [[Windows_Libraries#Color_Dialog_Box|Color Dialog Box]]
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* [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colornames.asp Hexadecimal Color Values]
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{{PageNavigation}}
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