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114 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
[OUT](OUT) writes values to register and port hardware addresses.
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## Syntax
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> [OUT](OUT) registerAddress%, value%
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## Parameter(s)
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* registerAddress% is a value expressed as a decimal [INTEGER](INTEGER) or [&H](&H).
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* The [INTEGER](INTEGER) value% sent is normally only 0 to 255 per byte register (8 bit) address.
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## Description
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* **QB64 has limited access to registers. VGA memory and registers are emulated.**
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* OUT can be used to change color port and a limited number of other port settings in QB64.
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* Some settings may be set in a specific order to gain access to settings and [INP](INP) reads.
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* [SCREEN](SCREEN) modes determine the number of available color palette attributes from 2 to 256 in SCREEN 13.
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* Windows NT may block access to Parallel printer and Serial ports. See [Port Access Libraries](Port-Access-Libraries) or other DLLs.
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* [_PALETTECOLOR](_PALETTECOLOR) can also be used to set RGB intensity values using [_RGB32](_RGB32) values.
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* OUT can toggle the blinking attribute of SCREEN 0 color 16-31 for legacy code. [_BLINK](_BLINK) is the preferred method. (starting with build 20170816/61).
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## Color Port Palette access using OUT
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> `OUT &H3C7, attribute` : Set port to read RGB settings for start attribute
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> `[INP](INP) &H3C9, colorIntensity` : Reads RGB color intensity settings in order
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> `OUT &H3C8, attribute` : Set port to write RGB settings for start attribute
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> `OUT &H3C9, colorIntensity` : Writes RGB color intensity settings in order
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* Every 3 reads or writes, changes to next color attribute without a set
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* Color setting is Red, Green and Blue attribute intensities in order.
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* Color attribute intensity values range from 0 to 63.
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* Some [DAC](DAC) color attribute intensities cannot be changed using OUT.
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## QBasic
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* In DOS, OUT accesses memory and hardware directly, unlike [POKE](POKE), and could cause PC damage.
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## Example(s)
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Reading the default RGB color settings of color attribute 15.
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```vb
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OUT &H3C7, 15 'set color port attribute 15 for a read
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red% = INP(&H3C9)
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green% = INP(&H3C9)
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blue% = INP(&H3C9)
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PRINT red%, green%, blue%
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```
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```text
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63 63 63
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```
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Changing the color intensity settings of the [SCREEN](SCREEN) background [COLOR](COLOR) 0 to bright white.
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```vb
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OUT &H3C8, 0 'attribute number. 0 for black screen background
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OUT &H3C9, 63 'red
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OUT &H3C9, 63 'green
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OUT &H3C9, 63 'blue
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```
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> *Explanation:* In [SCREEN](SCREEN) 0 this is one way to make high intensity background colors. `[COLOR](COLOR) ,15` is actually grey (7).
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Toggling blinking colors in SCREEN beginning with build 20170816/61
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```vb
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OUT &H3C0, &H10 'disables blinking and enables high intensity backgrounds (colors 16-31)
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OUT &H3C0, 2 ^ 3 'reenables blinking and disables high intensity backgrounds (colors 16-31)
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```
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> Note: In QB64, the recommended practice is to use the [_BLINK](_BLINK) {ON|OFF} statement.
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Restoring colors to a bitmap from the Red, Green and Blue [BSAVE](BSAVE)d indexed array of color values.
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```vb
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SCREEN 12
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OUT &H3C8, 0 ' set color port for output at attribute 0
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FOR i = 0 TO 47 ' 48 RGB values is (3 * 16) -1 color attributes from 0 in screen 12
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OUT &H3C9, Image%(i) ' changes to next attribute after 3 RGB loops
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NEXT
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PUT(clm, row), Image(48) PSET
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```
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> *Explanation:* The color RGB intensity settings were imported from a file to the Image array using [BLOAD](BLOAD). The color attribute advances to the next one every 3 writes using OUT. The color information was indexed to the start of the array. The image is after the color settings at index 48. Index 48 is the [GET (graphics statement)](GET-(graphics-statement)) image width and 49 is the height.
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## See Also
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* [PALETTE](PALETTE), [_PALETTECOLOR](_PALETTECOLOR)
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* [INP](INP) (read register)
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* [PEEK](PEEK) (read memory)
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* [POKE](POKE) (write to memory)
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* [COLOR](COLOR), [SCREEN](SCREEN)
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* [BSAVE](BSAVE), [BLOAD](BLOAD)
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* [_BLINK](_BLINK), [_BLINK (function)](_BLINK-(function))
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* [Port Access Libraries](Port-Access-Libraries) (COM or LPT registers)
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### External Links
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* [PC I/O base address device assignments](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output_base_address#Common_I.2FO_base_address_device_assignments_in_IBM_PC_compatible_computers)
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